The Birmingham Church Bombing of 1963

 

fourgilrs1.jpg
Sept. 15, 1963, a racist bombing killed Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Addie Mae Collins and Carole Robertson.

Four Little Girls and the Fight For Freedom

by Mike Ely

 

Originally written in 1998, posted here for Martin Luther King's birthday January 15, 2008. I also urge you to view Spike Lee's powerful film Four Little Girls.

* * * * *

It was 1963. One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of slavery, Birmingham was still a stronghold of racism and Jim Crow segregation. The city was a modern industrial powerhouse of coal and steel. It was run on behalf of the largest monopoly corporations by a hateful, narrow-minded white-racist powerstructure. Thirty-eight percent of the population was Black--living under infuriating conditions of discrimination and poverty.In the downtown department stores, Black people were free to buy whatever their paychecks could afford--but they were forbidden to use the restrooms, or order a grilled cheese at the lunch counters, or get a job behind one of the cash registers. Signs everywhere said "Whites Only."

 

In Birmingham, like in most of the South, many white people still insultingly called adult Black people by their first names--and Black men were often casually called "boy." Schools were segregated --and the education for Black children was starkly inferior and underfunded.

This unjust setup was enforced by a brutal and racist police department and by the Ku Klux Klan movement, the semi-official terror arm of the powerstructure. Birmingham was already known for nighttime bombing attacks on the Black community by white supremacists.

Birmingham had been like this for a long time, and many people thought it would never change. But this was 1963, and Black people were starting to feel deeply that time was up--been up!--for the structure and tradition of white supremacy. All across the South, and increasingly in the North, different organizing projects were mobilizing people to challenge and defy the system. And they would be met with all the brutality and deception that this system could muster.

Fighting the Pharaohs of Birmingham

 

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People in this conversation

  • Guest (V.E.G.)

    Nell Carter was there when the Birmingham bombing was there in 1963. Carter was then Nell Hardy.

  • Guest (Auba)

    Oh my gosh! this is horrable .......... do u know since obama has been running for president and has been president the Klu klux klan population has gone up 3%! i think that is just horible

  • Guest (kianna)

    i fell sorry i am shocked those girls died why dint the girls leave

  • Guest (shawney)

    that last comment that the girl wrote about why the girls didnt leave she need to be slapped!!!!! the girls shouldnt had got bombed in the first place it was their church!!!!!!! they couldnt leave they didnt knw it was gonna happen..

  • Guest (Jeffrey)

    simmer shawney, i dont think Kianna meant it like that - Maybe she misread it.

  • Guest (KT)

    i feel awful 4 those girls......and i really dont know what to say

  • Guest (Alastair Reith)

    Maybe Kasama could do an article of some kind on Deacons for Defence? I've read short pieces about them several times and they had a big historical impact, but there doesn't seem to be a huge amount of information about them. The growth of armed militancy amongst black people in the states is a subject that fascinates me.

  • Guest (Stiofan)

    (One of my most important New Year's resolutions is to "lurk less and post more." I think one way to do this is to go back and look at past posts that I meant to read and perhaps comment on, but never did.)

    I really appreciated Mike's post on this painful topic as it was an excellent presentation of rather "current" history which is already being distorted by means of "official" remembrance. For the Civil Rights era this means a simple morality tale of a few evil Southern racists, a saintly Dr. King, and the benevolent federal government that rode to the rescue. While the image of those four slain children is etched now in American history, the context of the story and the role of the 16th Street Baptist Church as a center of militant demonstrations confronting racist rule is being forgotten. I appreciate this re-telling of the story and way Mike has captured the aspects of race, class and the mass resistance to oppression, especially by young people. This is certainly not the story which will be presented during all those school programs for Dr.King's birthday or during Black History month.

    I was reminded of this post when I picked up a collection of articles from "I. F. Stone's Weekly." I. F. Stone was one of the foremost independent journalists of this time and a courageous leftist who was was fired, blacklisted and even accused of being a Soviet spy. What follows is a portion of "The Wasteland in the White Man's Heart" written shortly after the bombing.

    <cite>It's not so much the killings as the lack of contrition. The morning after the Birmingham bombing, the Senate in its expansive fashion filled thirty-five pages of the Congressional Record with remarks on diverse matters before resuming debate on the nuclear test ban treaty. But the speeches on the bombing in Birmingham filled barely a single page. Of a hundred ordinarily loquacious Senators, only four felt moved to speak. Javits of New York and Kuchel of California expressed outrage. The Majority Leader, Mansfield, also spoke up, but half his time was devoted to defending J. Edgar Hoover from charges of indifference to racial bombings...

    If four children had been killed in the bombing of a Berlin church by communists, the country would be on the verge of war. But when four senators (Hart, Kuchel, Humphrey and Javits) framed a resolution asking that the Sunday after the Birmingham be set aside as a national day of morning, they knew their fellow senators too well even to introduce it. They sent it to the White House where it was lost in the shuffle...When Martin Luther King and six other Negro leaders finally saw the President four days after the bombing, it was to find that he had already appointed a two-man committee to represent him "personally" in Birmingham, but that both men were white. <cite>

  • Guest (lauren)

    i am reading about these girls for black history month my class and the other 6 grade classes are building a shrine [like were u put pictures, crosses, stuffed animals]outside of our classroom i think it will come out amazing! i feel so bad!!it is terrible our world was divided in such an heart breaking,displeasing way. tear .

  • Guest (bianca)

    i cant belive that people can do that............

  • Guest (rachel)

    i fill so sorry 4 them

  • Guest (birmingham ala black churchs |)

    [...] The Birmingham Church Bombing of 1963 « Kasama Jan 21, 2008 &#8230; SCLC was based in the Black churches of the South. In Birmingham SCLC set up its &#8230;.. Birmingham, Alabama 1963–the powerstructure tried to stop change. They used their police, &#8230; [...]

  • Guest (Breanna)

    you guys should read "The Watsons Go to Burmingham" then. it has the backround of the 1963 bombing in alabama

  • Guest (jp)

    afghanistan 2011:

    at the 16th street baptist church in birmingham, alabama
    is a stained glass window
    a gift
    from the people of wales
    in memoriam of the bombing that killed four young girls
    in 1963.
    'you do it to me' is inscribed on the window
    quoting the prophet from nazareth

  • Guest (Milestones: Kasama passes 3.5 )

    [...] The Birmingham Church Bombing of 1963 [...]

  • Guest (suprano saxophone)

    <strong>suprano saxophone...</strong>

    [...]The Birmingham Church Bombing of 1963 &laquo; Kasama[...]...

  • Guest (sv23 mexican)

    nobody got arrested. to me thats f****** up. white people then again think there bad then why are they raising there kids effing retards show blacks repect.

  • Guest (sv23 mexican)

    i wish i could live back in those days just beat every white racist person out there dumb muther *uckers

  • Guest (Tyler Horvath)

    Well this article reminds us for a start that terrorism is neither a new thing or a Muslim thing, we don't have to go far to find intense evil in our own nation, cities and towns. Dr. King is not a moderate or ruling class approved channel for the movement. Thats quite a thing to say about someone who gave his life in the struggle and was murdered by the FBI. The March on Washington was something Kennedy tried to stop. Many people have only heard the I have a dream speech of Dr. King and are not aware of his speeches and writings on the nature of power and the levers of power, his analysis of the political and economic system and the struggle of African Americans in the worldwide struggle against colonialism. This lets remember I Have a Dream and make a statue of him thing is an attempt to hide Americas most significant leader in plain sight. There are various bits in an article that is an otherwise factual recount of history that seem to attempt to prove that minor acts of violence carried the day despite that old fool Dr King and his nonviolence, that is an unfortunate revisionist view of history. I find this time in history very inspiring for how the children rised up, often in defiance of their parents and their schools to demand justice and change, that is the power of nonviolence. A creative tension so great it must be resolved, a drawing out of evils that exist every single day.

  • Guest (Sami)

    Iam doing a skool report on this and i feel so bad it is so sad and sicking that color people were being treated

  • Guest (topanga)

    this is sad realy sad